Responsive Design in HTML

Responsive design ensures a web page looks good on all screen sizes.

Viewport Meta Tag

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

Media Queries

/* Default: Mobile */
body {
    font-size: 16px;
}

/* Tablet */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    body {
        font-size: 18px;
    }
}

/* Desktop */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
    body {
        font-size: 20px;
    }
}

Case Study: Responsive Campus Website

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Responsive Campus Website</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        body {
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
            line-height: 1.6;
        }

        .container {
            width: 90%;
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            padding: 0 1rem;
        }

        header {
            background: #1e40af;
            color: white;
            padding: 1rem;
        }

        nav ul {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            gap: 0.5rem;
            list-style: none;
        }

        main {
            padding: 2rem 0;
        }

        .grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            gap: 1rem;
        }

        .card {
            background: #f9fafb;
            border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 1.5rem;
        }

        footer {
            background: #333;
            color: white;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 1rem;
        }

        /* Tablet */
        @media (min-width: 768px) {
            nav ul {
                flex-direction: row;
                justify-content: center;
                gap: 1rem;
            }

            .grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
            }
        }

        /* Desktop */
        @media (min-width: 1024px) {
            .grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <div class="container">
            <h1>Technology University</h1>
            <nav>
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="beranda.html">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a href="academic.html">Academic</a></li>
                    <li><a href="kontak.html">Kontak</a></li>
                </ul>
            </nav>
        </div>
    </header>

    <main>
        <div class="container">
            <h2>Major</h2>
            <div class="grid">
                <div class="card">
                    <h3>Computer Science</h3>
                    <p>4 Years - 144 Credits</p>
                </div>
                <div class="card">
                    <h3>Information Systems</h3>
                    <p>4 Years - 144 Credits</p>
                </div>
                <div class="card">
                    <h3>Teknik Komputer</h3>
                    <p>4 Years - 144 Credits</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </main>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 Technology University</p>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

Everyday Case Study

Case: A developer needs to create a responsive table.

<style>
    .table-responsive {
        overflow-x: auto;
    }

    table {
        width: 100%;
        border-collapse: collapse;
    }

    th, td {
        padding: 0.75rem;
        border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
        text-align: left;
    }

    th {
        background: #f3f4f6;
    }

    @media (max-width: 600px) {
        table {
            font-size: 0.875rem;
        }

        th, td {
            padding: 0.5rem;
        }
    }
</style>

<div class="table-responsive">
    <table>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Name</th>
                <th>StudentID</th>
                <th>Major</th>
                <th>IPK</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>John Smith</td>
                <td>1234567890</td>
                <td>Computer Science</td>
                <td>3.75</td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>

Best Practices

1. Mobile-first: Design for mobile first
2. Fluid images: Use max-width: 100%
3. Media queries: For different breakpoints
4. Flexible grid: Use CSS Grid or Flexbox
5. Viewport meta tag: Always use it

Summary

Responsive design ensures a web page looks good on all devices. Use media queries and CSS Grid/Flexbox.