Basic CSS in HTML

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to format the appearance of HTML elements.

Ways to Add CSS

1. Inline Style

<p style="color: red; font-size: 16px;">Red text</p>

2. Internal CSS

<head>
    <style>
        p {
            color: blue;
            font-size: 18px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

3. External CSS

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>

Basic Selectors

Element Selector

p {
    color: blue;
}

Class Selector

.text {
    color: red;
}

ID Selector

#header {
    background: #333;
}

Basic Properties

Color and Background

p {
    color: #333;
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
}

Text

p {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

Box Model

div {
    margin: 10px;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    width: 300px;
}

Case Study: Styling a Campus Website

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Campus Website</title>
    <style>
        :root {
            --primary: #1e40af;
            --secondary: #f59e0b;
        }

        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        body {
            font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
            color: #333;
        }

        header {
            background: var(--primary);
            color: white;
            padding: 1rem;
            text-align: center;
        }

        nav ul {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 2rem;
            list-style: none;
        }

        nav a {
            color: white;
            text-decoration: none;
        }

        main {
            padding: 2rem;
            max-width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }

        .card {
            background: #f9fafb;
            border: 1px solid #e5e7eb;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 1.5rem;
            margin: 1rem 0;
        }

        footer {
            background: #333;
            color: white;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 1rem;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
        <h1>Technology University</h1>
        <nav>
            <ul>
                <li><a href="beranda.html">Home</a></li>
                <li><a href="academic.html">Academic</a></li>
                <li><a href="kontak.html">Kontak</a></li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </header>

    <main>
        <div class="card">
            <h2>Welcome</h2>
            <p>Welcome to the university portal.</p>
        </div>
    </main>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 Technology University</p>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

Best Practices

1. Use external CSS: For maintainability
2. CSS variables: For consistency
3. Mobile-first: Design for mobile first
4. Specificity: Understand the priority order
5. Reset CSS: Use a reset for consistency

Summary

CSS controls the appearance of web pages. Use external CSS for large projects and CSS variables for consistency.